Sunday, 26 February 2017
Thursday, 9 February 2017
Script
Script: Pre- production
Bad Habits
The logo will first appear on the screen with the sound of thunder and rain in the background which will then reveal my first scene. It's raining which resembles the mood of the film. My first shot of my film is going to be a moving shot of a car with a girl in it, looking very emotional and frustrated. Then a close up of the same girl but this time inside of the car, I'm going to edit this part in slow motion to add to the mundanity. The title of the movie 'Bad Habits' and is going to be on screen is going to be during the clip whilst the song 'Fools in Love' by Inara George is played.
A close up of Leah happens where she looking glum and looks as if she's in thought. She moves her hair to the side and continues to look out of the car.
A flashback happens when she's in the bathroom she's younger, checking herself out in the bathroom. An over the shoulder shot of three girls a bit older than Leah come into frame.
Bully 1: Listen yeah, yeah you
Bully 2: What did we tell you?
Bully 3: Fix up blud!
At this moment Leah is intimidated by the girls and steps back.
Leah: Er...Er.
Bully 1: This is the freak I was telling you about
Bully 2: This quiet little shit i swear she was perving on us the other day
Bully 3: She was watching us in the changing room, what a little bitch
(Bully pushes her to the floor, frightened she drops and looks down)
Leah: No...no i swear i didn't
(Leah starts getting hit, they start recording her on their phone)
A clip from the first part where Leah is in the car shows again so people know it's a flashback and now it's in the present
Another flashback to when she is drinking for the first time. Her friends are sat in a circle and they're playing a drinking game. One person spins the bottle and it lands on Leah.
ALL: LEAH! We like to drink with Leah coz Leah is our mate... (Leah is drinking the bottle and she nearly finishes it before the countdown)
8...7...6...5...4...3...2...1
Another shot of Leah in the car sighing.
Flashback to an adult party happens she is getting offered cocaine and alcohol. The song Stay High starts to play as she is a bit dizzy from the drugs in her system.
A guy walks towards and starts whispering in her ear they start flirting and getting closer.
Guy: Do you want a drink?
Leah: Yeah.
As he orders the drink a close up of his pocket happens where he is taking out some drugs. He looks around to see if anyone checks then pour the drug into her cup.
The scene moves quickly onto Leah lying on the floor not wearing much, tears falling down. She doesn't know where she is going to dial on her phone '999.'
A flashback happens when she's in the bathroom she's younger, checking herself out in the bathroom. An over the shoulder shot of three girls a bit older than Leah come into frame.
Bully 1: Listen yeah, yeah you
Bully 2: What did we tell you?
Bully 3: Fix up blud!
At this moment Leah is intimidated by the girls and steps back.
Leah: Er...Er.
Bully 1: This is the freak I was telling you about
Bully 2: This quiet little shit i swear she was perving on us the other day
Bully 3: She was watching us in the changing room, what a little bitch
(Bully pushes her to the floor, frightened she drops and looks down)
Leah: No...no i swear i didn't
(Leah starts getting hit, they start recording her on their phone)
A clip from the first part where Leah is in the car shows again so people know it's a flashback and now it's in the present
Another flashback to when she is drinking for the first time. Her friends are sat in a circle and they're playing a drinking game. One person spins the bottle and it lands on Leah.
ALL: LEAH! We like to drink with Leah coz Leah is our mate... (Leah is drinking the bottle and she nearly finishes it before the countdown)
8...7...6...5...4...3...2...1
Another shot of Leah in the car sighing.
Flashback to an adult party happens she is getting offered cocaine and alcohol. The song Stay High starts to play as she is a bit dizzy from the drugs in her system.
A guy walks towards and starts whispering in her ear they start flirting and getting closer.
Guy: Do you want a drink?
Leah: Yeah.
As he orders the drink a close up of his pocket happens where he is taking out some drugs. He looks around to see if anyone checks then pour the drug into her cup.
The scene moves quickly onto Leah lying on the floor not wearing much, tears falling down. She doesn't know where she is going to dial on her phone '999.'
Monday, 6 February 2017
Scene Treatment
Scene Treatment: Pre- production
She is recollecting past memories which cause her to have the flashback of her childhood where she was getting picked on by these older girls. I'm going to be using my main characters younger sister to re-enact this part, this will be filmed in a toilet which gives an urban feel to it. This experience then leads on to the first time she had alcohol. I'm going to film this at a house location where she's at a house party with a bunch of her friends who obtained a bottle of vodka. She is brave enough to try it- a lot of it. This event inevitably results in her life spiralling downwards and turning to alcoholism, hanging out with the wrong people and harder drugs.Her life turned into constant partying and relieving her sorrows through drinking and taking drugs (clips of partying scenes are shown). The song Stay High (hippie sabotage remix) by Tove Lo during all this. All of the partying scenes will be filmed in a drama room where I can add flashing and gobo lights to the performance.
The last flashback she has was the one that had the most impact on her life, her drink got spiked during one of her partying sessions and she gets dragged out at first quite calmly but then it gets more aggressive and sexual. I'll be creating this tension by the audience not anticipating the ending at first, they might just think that it's some sort of 'fling' but then it switches the mood as soon as the there is a close up of the drink being spiked. The audience can only presume that she had been raped.
Plot Treatment
Plot Treatment: Pre-production
The title screen is going to be during the part where the main character Leah is sat in the car, looking glum then a flashback scene of her childhood is shown where she is getting picked on by these older girls. This doesn't stop until it leads to her spiralling downwards and turning to alcoholism and hanging out with the wrong people. Her life turns into constant partying and relieving her sorrows through drinking and taking drugs. However, the flashback that has the most impact on her life is when her drink got spiked during one of her partying sessions and she gets dragged out at first quite calmly but then it gets more aggressive and sexual which leads on to the next morning her waking up. The audience can only presume that she has been raped.
Weakened by these events she gets driven back to her family home where she hasn't been for a long time. Her childhood wasn't that great she lived with her younger sister and mother; her mother abused her and her sibling emotionally and physically when she couldn't be bothered to deal with them, however, no one really knew what she had been doing to her kids. One day she went out with her friends but upon coming back from the party she got killed from drunk driving. Consequently, their grandparents brought them up, even though they had quite old fashioned views she was happier with them. She and her sister were never really close but they always protected each other. When Leah grew up she moved away so her sister was left to fend for herself.
She never really knew her father but upon looking at some old photographs she decides she should look for him. Whilst asking around she comes across an old friend of her mother's who has a daughter named Rebecca. They grew up together but haven't seen each other in years when they finally see each other there is this instant attraction. The cliche love story happens and Leah asks her to help search for her father. Eventually, they find clues to her father. However, it's not the indictment she wanted to hear. Leah's father had died because he couldn't take being able to support himself as he was in so much debt, so he decided to end his life knowing he can't stand any longer without anything- not even love.
Leah is so distraught by coming across this news, that she leaves again without telling Rebecca. She just wants to hide and get out of the situation. These events lead her to go into a convenience store and buy herself a bottle of vodka. This again leads to her drinking her sorrows away. Everything seems to be repeating itself, her bad habit. Rebecca keeps calling her, she's so worried that she will do something that she'll regret.
Weakened by these events she gets driven back to her family home where she hasn't been for a long time. Her childhood wasn't that great she lived with her younger sister and mother; her mother abused her and her sibling emotionally and physically when she couldn't be bothered to deal with them, however, no one really knew what she had been doing to her kids. One day she went out with her friends but upon coming back from the party she got killed from drunk driving. Consequently, their grandparents brought them up, even though they had quite old fashioned views she was happier with them. She and her sister were never really close but they always protected each other. When Leah grew up she moved away so her sister was left to fend for herself.
She never really knew her father but upon looking at some old photographs she decides she should look for him. Whilst asking around she comes across an old friend of her mother's who has a daughter named Rebecca. They grew up together but haven't seen each other in years when they finally see each other there is this instant attraction. The cliche love story happens and Leah asks her to help search for her father. Eventually, they find clues to her father. However, it's not the indictment she wanted to hear. Leah's father had died because he couldn't take being able to support himself as he was in so much debt, so he decided to end his life knowing he can't stand any longer without anything- not even love.
Leah is so distraught by coming across this news, that she leaves again without telling Rebecca. She just wants to hide and get out of the situation. These events lead her to go into a convenience store and buy herself a bottle of vodka. This again leads to her drinking her sorrows away. Everything seems to be repeating itself, her bad habit. Rebecca keeps calling her, she's so worried that she will do something that she'll regret.
Tuesday, 31 January 2017
Textual Analysis
Analysis of Different Media Texts
Stay High Music Video
The song Stay High by Tove Lo is about engaging in doing drugs, getting drunk etc, to cope with heartbreak and missing someone. The song is about her own personal relationship and writing the song inspired her to be open about her mistakes.
Throughout the music video "Stay High" they use the same camera shot "shot to camera" to show the audience her night and let them witness it. It also allows the audience to view on how the drugs affect her. They use a handheld camera, the handheld camera is used to enhance the drunk and 'messy' effect that the video is trying to portray. A slow motion effect is used to enhance the idea of her being on drugs and the time passing slowly. The constant closing of the girl's eyes further enhances the effects of the drugs to suggest she is high which refers to the title “Stay High.” In addition, this gives the impression that the drugs are speeding up the girl's heart rate and activity. This helps enhance the narrative theme. The fast cuts create the fast party atmosphere. A fish eye camera effect is used to show her distorted view. Slow motion cuts intertwined with fast cuts used constantly throughout, complement each other and highlight different stages and effects of the drug. Tracking shots are used to further the image of her looking confused and lost as she swings her head in slow motion from side to side. High angle shots are used to suggest that the drug is overpowering the girl and has control of her body and mind. The handheld camera moves with her body showing us and giving us a sense of how the drug is affecting her.

We see the progression of the sort of lifestyle she is having affecting her in a negative way.

We see the progression of the sort of lifestyle she is having affecting her in a negative way.
Every time she comes back from these nights out, she reflects back on her decisions. However, she deals with that by drinking, even more, resulting in breaking down at the end.
She sees everyone else drinking and acting fine so she finds herself replicating the actions of people around. Although they are
represented as emotionally stable, it's probably not the case if they're continually drinking their pains away.
She sees everyone else drinking and acting fine so she finds herself replicating the actions of people around. Although they are
represented as emotionally stable, it's probably not the case if they're continually drinking their pains away.
Fishtank (2009)
Fish tank is a typical social realism film due to the different conventions showed to the audience. The use of handheld camera shots and natural lighting gives the film a minimalistic look, expected by social realistic films. This could have been used as it was an independent film, which uses low budgets to produce films. Due to the teenage issues such as drugs, violence and relationships are now expected in films like this is used due to it becoming more mainstream.
The very first shot within this extract is a medium shot of a teenage girl, wearing a tracksuit and a top in an empty room. This instantly shows the director is trying to represent council estates and the working class. The clothes within this shot, help the director to represent the typical council flat teenager. The use of a tracksuit is stereotyped clothing items for teenagers of lower income. The audience now knows the type of film this is and who it is about. It also helps to emphasise to who the director is aiming the film at. These expectations from the film can be related to how some teenagers as they all have lived through some of these issues, they can sympathise with the situations and the ideas raised some of the audience can empathise with the character. This gives out a documentary or improvised feel to it. As if it were reality and we were really there. It gives the audience a feel for what they could experience through the main character.The camera angle does not focus on the character, it focuses out of the window. This could suggest that it's more than just her story. It’s meant to be an opening look at how people actually live. The character is then put into darkness due to the light coming from the outside it acts as a silhouette on her, which highlights that it could be anyone's situation. The use of natural lighting is a convention of British social realism, as it gives the film a representative ambience. Also, the shot focus is the outside which is to further establish the setting of the film. The audience than are able to infer that the character is of low income due to the place she lives and the outfit she is wearing. It also gives the film strong reliability that it is showing real life issues that the lower class go through.
The dialogue used gives the audience an idea of who the target audience of the film is. Due to some of the words used the BBFC gave the film a 15 rating. The language used is almost essential to a realistic portrayal of council flat teenagers; it is expected in the dialogue of teenagers of current society.
Kidulthood (2006)
The extract begins with a slow motion, close-up shot of a boy playing with a football than the speed of the shot becomes real time, everything is now moving at a normal pace then slows down again. This type of editing could possibly be linked to the drug-taking teenagers, some drugs make teenagers hyperactive whereas there are other drugs that make them drowsy.
Mis-en-scene contributes to the construction of typical codes and conventions of this genre. The football being played with by students in the school playground doesn’t immediately tell us what genre this movie holds, however, the audience can assume that the movie will have teenage characters. The scene then is cut to a mid shot of a student on her phone, students handing out invitation cards and a student playing a handheld console. All these props are mostly used by teenagers, from all of this we can assume the movie’s genre is going to be based on an urban drama.
The diegetic and non-diegetic sounds used throughout the extract helped construct the genre. For example, the non-diegetic sound, the soundtrack, had a mysterious feel to it and also had a fast tempo. This could have also represented the type of music some teenagers listen to.
Also, the diegetic sound let off by the handheld console played by Moony helps categorise this movie, the majority of video game players are between the ages of 18, most teenagers play video games and would be familiar with the sound. The characters play is one of the most important genre codes and conventions of this film, the personality and lifestyle of each character are typical of the urban life. For example, we see Trife making something, us the audience are not quite sure what it is, but we can assume it’s something dangerous due to the fact that he doesn’t take the item with him but rather he hides it.
Mis-en-scene contributes to the construction of typical codes and conventions of this genre. The football being played with by students in the school playground doesn’t immediately tell us what genre this movie holds, however, the audience can assume that the movie will have teenage characters. The scene then is cut to a mid shot of a student on her phone, students handing out invitation cards and a student playing a handheld console. All these props are mostly used by teenagers, from all of this we can assume the movie’s genre is going to be based on an urban drama.
The diegetic and non-diegetic sounds used throughout the extract helped construct the genre. For example, the non-diegetic sound, the soundtrack, had a mysterious feel to it and also had a fast tempo. This could have also represented the type of music some teenagers listen to.
Also, the diegetic sound let off by the handheld console played by Moony helps categorise this movie, the majority of video game players are between the ages of 18, most teenagers play video games and would be familiar with the sound. The characters play is one of the most important genre codes and conventions of this film, the personality and lifestyle of each character are typical of the urban life. For example, we see Trife making something, us the audience are not quite sure what it is, but we can assume it’s something dangerous due to the fact that he doesn’t take the item with him but rather he hides it.
Trainspotting
The audience is immediately involved within the opening sequence through the first shot. A medium shot establishes a public location whereby a subject is swamped into the scene. Through the way in which the character is not immediately distinguished, we can only assume the subject is the main focus subsequently meaning the unidentified individual is the main character. Natural lighting is exposed; clearing an aspect of drama and portraying a British element to the frame which allows the audience to identify the fact that this is a British production. A combination of drums, guitar and bass are immediately revealed alongside the subject. This may have been used in order for the audience to sense aspects of suspense and tension to enable the audience to identify and work with the emotions expressed by the main subject.
A non-diegetic voice over begins to narrate the opening sequence. A medium closes up is focused on to the left subject to enable the audience to identify the fact that he is the individual talking as the non-diegetic voice over. It is blunt and informative, the speech begins with ‘Choose life’ implicating that the genre is of being a Social Drama through the way in which the character appears to be contemplating life.The characters are introduced with an appearance of which compromises their personality in order for the audience to identify their individuality and possibly be able to relate to the characters.
‘Renton’ is introduced first which dictates he is the main character and the main focus whereby the audience will follow a storyline based on his perception of life. Renton has a deranged affliction in this shot which is sustained on to the next shot whereby a sense of irony is conflicted. The audience is able to diagnose the fact that Renton could more than likely be troubled and hysterical. Match-on-action is administered for the action whereby Renton displays affections of a rebellious nature. The cut between the two shots is smooth in order to create a visual bridge and allow the audience to follow the action through. Renton’s foolish behaviour is exaggerated further when a sense of irony is released through this scene of him smoking with a non-diegetic voice over of “choose good health, low cholesterol and good dental insurance…”. The cinematography is stable and fixed, no transitions or creative camera work is incorporated within the sequence; portraying the genre further with the fact that it is low budget and simplistic due to the film being a British production.
When introducing the other relevant and main characters, the camera slowly zooms in on the subject’s face to allow the audience to get a better perceptive towards the character’s identity. When presenting ‘Sick Boy’, a low angle shot is used to portray his superior position so the audience can ‘look up’ to him as an authoritative figure. In contrast to Sick Boy, ‘Spud’ is arranged in a comical presentation in order to imply he is in a lower position of the hierarchy within their subculture. The audience can recognise that Spud is providing the comical feature to the film.
This is England: Film Poster Analysis

This is England uses the colours red, white and blue in the title which links to it as they are the colours of the union jack. This gives the audience a sense of what the film is about just by seeing the colours used and the title itself. The layout of the poster has the characters at the bottom half which suggests that as important as the characters are throughout the film, there are other factors that are also important. This is portrayed through the metal fencing they are stood in front of that is separating them from the houses. The title is placed above their heads in large printed letters. The font and size have the effect that it is printed onto the metal fence which suggests that it is permanent and also that they are the gates to England and the gang are the guards of it.
The characters are stood in a long line, showing they are a united gang. Even though the characters do have similarities in clothes, for example, the boys are skin heads, they wear the same boots and jeans and shirts, and they are all stood in their own individual position which shows that even though they are part of a gang, they each have an individual identity. The colours they are wearing consist of blues, blacks, whites and red where this shows that even the colours of the title are leaking into what they wear. The tag line reads “Summer 1983. A time to stand out from the crowd.” This gives the audience a greater understanding of what to expect from the film, such as the idea that they are a group that are trying to form their own identity with new values and appearance that will be new to this time period.
Media Coursework Idea's
Media Coursework Ideas
From the three coursework briefs: Film, current affairs, and music. I have chosen to complete the broadcasting and print for a film.
My decision is to go with the topic 'urban life' as I thought that it can illustrate real life struggles some people actually go through. For example, I'm going to use a theme of drugs and alcohol which should fit in well with British social realism.
The first scene is going to be in the present tense where my main character Leah is going to be on the way home in the back of a car. At this part, she looks very tired, hungover but also miserable as she'd been sexually abused the previous night.
The next scene flashes back to her childhood when she was free, running around in the long grass, and being happy in a simplistic way. Then a flash forward happens to after when she starts secondary school, she is a victim of bullying by a bunch of girls (this is when things start spiralling downwards).
She starts hanging out with the wrong crowd when she's got a bit older: going to parties, drinking, and going out with lots of guys that are a lot older than her. Another flash forward happens when she's a young adult at another party where she starts taking harder drugs along with alcohol. This time she doesn't realise that her drinks were spiked with the date-rape drug.
She starts blacking out and these three people, hooded, start taking her away. Soon she realises that she's being kidnapped and starts squealing. So the kidnappers have no choice but to blindfold her.
When they arrive at this warehouse the kidnappers take off her blindfold and start getting aggressive.
We don't actually see the gang rape happen but the audience can tell because of the aftermath. Leah's on the floor, alone, her face makeup ruined by her tears. She's in desperate need of help. She finds her phone on the floor and calls the police, unaware of her surroundings, they find her in a horrific state. They take her back to the police station and call a family member. Then the scene goes back to present tense when she's in the car, contemplating her life decisions.
If I had longer than 3 minutes I would show her getting reunited with her family and breaking down in front of them, apologising for her past mistakes. I would go into detail about how she got into that state.
My decision is to go with the topic 'urban life' as I thought that it can illustrate real life struggles some people actually go through. For example, I'm going to use a theme of drugs and alcohol which should fit in well with British social realism.
The first scene is going to be in the present tense where my main character Leah is going to be on the way home in the back of a car. At this part, she looks very tired, hungover but also miserable as she'd been sexually abused the previous night.
The next scene flashes back to her childhood when she was free, running around in the long grass, and being happy in a simplistic way. Then a flash forward happens to after when she starts secondary school, she is a victim of bullying by a bunch of girls (this is when things start spiralling downwards).
She starts hanging out with the wrong crowd when she's got a bit older: going to parties, drinking, and going out with lots of guys that are a lot older than her. Another flash forward happens when she's a young adult at another party where she starts taking harder drugs along with alcohol. This time she doesn't realise that her drinks were spiked with the date-rape drug.
She starts blacking out and these three people, hooded, start taking her away. Soon she realises that she's being kidnapped and starts squealing. So the kidnappers have no choice but to blindfold her.
When they arrive at this warehouse the kidnappers take off her blindfold and start getting aggressive.
We don't actually see the gang rape happen but the audience can tell because of the aftermath. Leah's on the floor, alone, her face makeup ruined by her tears. She's in desperate need of help. She finds her phone on the floor and calls the police, unaware of her surroundings, they find her in a horrific state. They take her back to the police station and call a family member. Then the scene goes back to present tense when she's in the car, contemplating her life decisions.
If I had longer than 3 minutes I would show her getting reunited with her family and breaking down in front of them, apologising for her past mistakes. I would go into detail about how she got into that state.
Logo Research
Coursework Research: Logo's
The Criterion Collection Logo Analysis
An American video-distribution company that sells "important classic and contemporary films" to film aficionados. Criterion is noted for helping to standardise the letterbox format for
widescreen films, bonus features, and special editions for home video.
The black and white contrast can represent truth and lies, the clear lines between them show how they clash together. The white is used to show truth and innocence, whereas the black shows something more complicated. The simplicity of the whole logo presents how straight forward and clear their message is: to get straight to the point. There is an element of classiness which comes with the logo which means that the sensitive topics that might cover are dealt with in a professional way.
BBC Films Logo Analysis
Simple square blocks containing upright letters gives a sense of significance in the logo because the BBC was the first tv broadcaster and it's very well known. They use of bold writing suggests how they want to provide emphasis on the brand itself as its so huge and has come a long way.
Also, it can suggest The use of the galaxy background can suggest the infinite knowledge that the universe contains and the BBC is trying to showcase and educate its audiences whilst being entertaining. Another meaning that galaxy shows are the genre it portrays, which might be a representation on the variety of the different things they support and produce. The little contrast between the blue and the background which is a darker blue highlight one of the BBC's purposes to educate its audiences. The connotations of the colour dark blue often represent intelligence and that convoluted with light blue which often suggests understanding. Different speckles of colour can depict the diversity that the BBC offers and encourages.
Disney Films Logo Analysis
Disney was founded in 1923, by Walt Disney and Roy Disney. The company decided to compromise as Walt Disney Productions in 1929. The Walt Disney Logo basically means cheerful and quality American entertainment. Also, The logo is a stylised version of the founder's signature, which gives it meaning to be owned by the ‘Walt Disney Brothers’.The fonts appear fancy written below the motif this highlights ‘Walt Disney’ the brand name in a subtle but bold manner. The Walt Disney logo has kept its uniqueness throughout the years. However, through time different styles and animation have been added to the logo to make it more up to standard with the quality and technical breakthroughs throughout the years.Walt Disney also produces other things such as; Television programs, Online media, Films, Travel and also theatre. The brand image they have created is very effective as it can associate different media products to their company. Walt Disney markets themselves in many ways, such as on adverts, TV, films and posters, selling Walt Disney products and also expanding their marketplace. Walt Disney has always been a global product so it has never had to change its name as it is very original and shows what they stand for as a big production company.
Vertigo Film Logo Analysis
Vertigo Films is a UK Film and Distribution company founded in 2002 by Allan Niblo and James Richardson. The Films span a range of genres and audience taste. Their logo is very simplistic so it's ambiguous to its audiences and different people can interpret it differently.
The font of the logo is bold and the colour is black against a red background giving the connotations of a thriller as red connotes blood, danger and violence but it could also suggest genres such as romance etc. The British film company has been responsible for the production and distribution of Bronson, StreetDance 3D and Monsters.
The Four Media Concepts
MEDIA CONCEPTS
Media revolves around four concepts that are used to understand how media is constructed and how they are received:
FORMS
AUDIENCE
INSTITUTIONS
REPRESENTATION
Form
- Media forms are what constructs a media text.
- Music- The type of music used can portray the feeling that is being portrayed on the screen.
- Dialogue- The dialogue in film and tv shows are often used to show the story behind the characters and those who are speaking.
- Sound Effects- a non-diegetic sound is a sound that has been edited into the show/film. This includes narrative, music, sound effects. Diagetic sounds are the noises that have not been edited in, so the natural noises from what goes on in a set.
- Mise-en-scene- Everything that appears on the screen. Set, props, actors, costume and lighting etc.
- Props- In a crime drama the props are normal weapons, drugs just to show how serious and to add effect to the crime.
- Location- Where the show/film has been set, links to the stereotypical genre of a show. A crime drama is normally set in one extreme to another
- Character Types- The different types of characters.
- Editing Pace- The editing pace of a show/film is normally used to convey what type of action is going on at the time.
- Audience- An individual or collective group of people who read or consume any media text
Audience
Niche audience – A niche audience is a small group of people with unique interests.A way of categorising audiences based on social class (or occupation) is this table:
Key Questions
- How do audiences receive texts?
- Whether constructing a text or analysing one, you will need to consider the destination of that text, i.e. its target audience
- How that audience (or any other) will respond to that text.
Institutions
A formal organisation (with its own set of rules and behaviours) that creates and distributes media textsValues and ideologies are transmitted through the representations in media texts. Powerful institutions can influence the attitudes, interests, beliefs and desires of people on a world scale.
Key Questions:
- Who created this message?
- What creative techniques are used to attract my attention?
- How might different people understand this message differently from me?
- Why is this message being sent?
Representation
Representation involves how identities are represented within the text but how they've been constructed. Key markers of identity include- class, age, gender and ethnicity.
Key Questions:
- What sorts of things are being represented? How? Using what codes? Within what genre?
- How is the representation made to seem true, common sense or natural?
- What is focused on?
- Whose interests does it reflect? How do you know?
- Who is it targeted to? How? What does this personally affect you?
- How do you account for the differences?
- What codes and conventions back this up?
- Does it reinforce or challenge stereotypes?
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